The What and Hows of ADD/ADHD in Children

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADD orwill, therefore, treat the depression first, and, once that
ADHD) is one of the most common neurobehavioralhas been controlled will begin to treat ADHD.
disorders of childhood and unfortunately most of itsSo in that case pepression becomes the "primary"
causes are unknown. It can persist throughdiagnosis and ADHD becomes the "secondary"
adolescence and into adulthood. According to thediagnosis. Other physicians will argue that treatment
estimation of American Psychiatric Association'smust be simultaneous, with treatment occurring at the
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-IV (DSM-IV-TR)same time. Arguments for this method of treatment
3%-7% of children suffer from ADHD. Some studiessay that in order to have either condition under control,
have estimated higher rates in community samples.both must be under control.
Surprisingly, ADHD is diagnosed approximately threeWe should also understand that medication is often
times more often in boys than in girls.used to help normalize brain activity, as prescribed by
ADHD is a diagnosis applied to children and adults whoa physician. Stimulant medications, like Ritalin, Dexedrine
consistently display certain characteristic behaviorsand Adderall are commonly used because they have
over a period of time. The most common corebeen shown to be most effective for most people
features include:with ADHD. However, many other medications may
· Distractibility (less concentration and pooralso be used at the discretion of the physician.
sustained attention to tasks)Not just the medication, but behavior therapy and
· Impulsivity (impaired impulse control and delay ofcognitive therapy are also often helpful to modify
gratification)certain behaviors and to deal with the emotional
· Hyperactivity (excessive activity and physicaleffects of ADHD. Many adults also benefit from
restlessness)working with an ADHD coach to help manage problem
ADHD does not often come alone and there arebehaviors and develop coping skills, such as improving
many other conditions that are commonly associatedorganizational skills and improving productivity.
with ADHD like depression, bipolar disorder, oppositionalMoreover, the role of parents cannot be
defiant disorder, conduct disorders and learningunderestimated in either case.
disabilities. These are just some of the conditions thatAs it is one of the most common and deadly diseases,
can appear with ADHD. Some studies have indicatedso it is recognized as a disability under federal
that between 50% and 70% of individuals with ADHDlegislation (the Rehabilitation Act of 1973; the
also have some other conditions.Americans With Disabilities Act; and the Individuals With
Early diagnosis and treatment can often times preventDisabilities Education Act). Appropriate and reasonable
problems later. According to studies, anywhere fromaccommodations are sometimes made at school for
24% to 30% of patients with ADHD also suffer fromchildren with ADHD, and in the workplace for adults
depression. In the past it was thought that depressionwith ADHD, which help the individual to work more
might have been the result of constant failures due toefficiently and productively. The idea is to make them
ADHD symptoms. Therefore, if ADHD wasfeel comfortable as they are already challenged as a
successfully treated, the depression should disappear.human being we should help and respect them.
Based on this assumption, ADHD was considered toIt is also believed that psychology does nothing to treat
be the primary diagnosis and the depression wasor even to address the real ADHD symptoms. Usually
ignored. However, a study by the Pediatricpsychologist and counselor help you and your child live
Pharmacology Department at Massachusetts Generalwith and accept the condition. So everybody, including
Hospital in Boston indicated that depression and ADHDthe doctors, agree that the current state-of-the-art
are separate and both should be treated one after thetreatment for ADHD does nothing really to treat the
other or sometimes simultaneously (depending uponactual disorder. Some experts recommend that all
the individual case).individuals receiving a diagnosis of ADHD should also
Clinical experience has shown that the most effectivehave a complete and thorough psychological
treatment for ADHD is a combination of medicationevaluation to determine the presence (or absence) of
(when necessary), therapy or counseling to learnany co-existing disorders. Once this has been
coping skills and adaptive behaviors, and ADDcompleted, a treatment team, sometimes consisting of
coaching for adults.family physician, psychologist and psychiatrist, can
Indeed, diagnosis can be very difficult. Stimulantwork together to create a treatment plan geared
medications, commonly used to treat ADHD, canspecifically for that individual.
sometimes cause side effects that mimic depressiveUpdate: New research is appearing now that's
symptoms. These medications can also increaseshowing the link between the consumption of food
symptoms of depression and bipolar disorders, makingadditives by children -- especially food colorings -- and
it hard to distinquish what are the true symptoms andattention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD. Read
which are caused from medication. Many physiciansmore about this at addgabriele.com/newresearch.