How to Delegate: One Key Step Towards Leadership

dy">Many executives delegate like this. They say, "John,
You've made an unusual discovery - there's notwould you take on this project? It has to be done by
enough time left at the end of the day. The corollary,next Thursday. Thanks." That's it. Then, when the job
of course, is your list of important things to do nevercomes back incomplete, they are infuriated. What
gets smaller. In any company, the CEO's to-do list hashappened? They left out accountability. They
the potential to grow infinitely.neglected the structure for making sure things
What's a senior executive to do?happened according to plan.
This is not simply a personal problem. Your company'sThere are four components to successful delegation.
future depends on what you do next. As you drive1. Give the job to someone who can get it done.
your organization beyond its current plateau, you mustThis doesn't mean that person has all the skills for
change the way you relate to your work. There areexecution, but that they are able to martial the right
three stages to making the transition fromresources. Sometimes the first step in the project will
chief-cook-and-bottle-washer (CC&BW) to CEObe education. Maybe your delegate has to attend a
(source of the management and direction of theseminar or take a course to get up to speed.
business). They are:2. Communicate precise conditions of satisfaction.
Understanding your highest value contribution to yourTimeframe, outcomes, budget constraints, etc.; all must
company and focusing on that role.be spelled out. Anything less creates conditions for
Recognizing your position as a leader and owning thefailure. It's like the old story about basketball - without
job.nets the players don't know where to shoot the ball.
Delegating everything else, and holding others3. Work out a plan.
accountable.Depending on the project's complexity, the first step
Previous articles, Time Well Spent, deals with transitionmay be creation of a plan. The plan should include
one; Visions of Leadership addresses transition two.resources, approach or methodology, timeline,
This article examines the problem of delegation - givingmeasures and milestones. Even simple projects require
the work away.a plan. 4. Set up a structure for accountability.
The IssueIf the project is to take place over the next six weeks,
You have doubtlessly concluded your next level ofschedule an interim meeting two weeks from now. Or
company performance requires a managerial change.establish a weekly conference call, or an e-mailed
And hopefully, you have realized the changesstatus report. Provide some mechanism where you
necessary are with you. As CEO (or, on a divisional orcan jointly evaluate progress and make mid-course
departmental level - senior executive) your jobs includecorrections. This helps keep the project, and the
holding the vision; inspiring your senior management andpeople, on track.
your staff; fostering key relationships with customers,4. Get buy in.
vendors, investors and the public, etc.Often timeframes are dictated by external
You now need to let go of some cherished things likecircumstances. Still, your delegate must sign on for the
product design, hiring, perhaps day-to-day sales - manytask at hand. If you say, "This must be done by next
things you handled in the past, often out of necessity -Tuesday," they have to agree that it is possible. Ask
and focus yourself on your role as CEO. What aboutinstead. "Can you have this by Tuesday?" To you this
all these things you used to do? Delegate them. Assignmay seem a bit remedial, but the step is often
the job to someone else. This doesn't sound like a bigoverlooked. Whenever possible, have your delegate
deal, why write a whole article on it?set the timeline and create the plan. You need only
Do you delegate? Of course you do. But do youprovide guidance and sign off. As General Patton said,
delegate the important things? The things you "know""Never tell people how to do things. Tell them what to
you could do better? The things you are "best" at?do and they will surprise you with their ingenuity."
Probably not. The question is, should you?If you skip any one of the above steps, you
Your highest value contributiondramatically reduce the likelihood things will turn out the
Think about your highest value contribution to yourway you want them to. On the other hand, if you
company. Which of your activities generate the mostrigorously follow the steps, you greatly increase the
revenue, profit, market share, etc.? Where do you getodds in your favor. Isn't this more work than doing it
the most bang for the buck? Like most chiefmyself, you ask. No - it isn't.
executives, your greatest leverage is in mobilizing theThe time it takes to
forces around you - your senior staff and your1) establish the goals,
employees, plus key customers, prospects and2) review the plan, and
vendors. Everything else becomes secondary to that3) monitor the progress,is not equal to the time it takes
in terms of impact.to execute. That is how you gain leverage. This is how
So the answer is yes. You should give away even theyou multiply your efforts.
things you are "best" at. And then make sure they are(Occasionally it does take longer to communicate
done right. Make sure they are up to spec andsomething than to do it yourself. Delegate it anyway.
delivered on time.The next time will be easier.)
The cost of holding onAbove, I've referred to projects. This is not to say
Now, the thorny part. Many executives refrain fromdelegation is reserved for discrete tasks and problems.
delegating responsibilities they've labeled "critical". TheyYou also delegate ongoing functions. The process is
fear the job won't be done correctly. Or no one elsethe same in each case.
can do it as quickly, and it won't get done on time. OrAs an exercise, ask yourself, what am I unwilling to
the right attention won't be paid. Or something. Ordelegate? Make a list of the reasons why not. (Use
something else.our worksheet to identify projects and functions to
Give it up! The growth of your organization will bedelegate. E-mail for a free copy.) Identify the best
stifled to the extent that you hold on to criticalperson in your organization - not you - to take on this
functions. Your company will suffer in the exact areasproject or function. Then call a meeting. Begin the
where you think you are the expert!meeting with step one, above.
Product design? You hold up the development of aIf there is no one to whom you can give away key
key component, because you are the expert, yet youfunctions, you have to look carefully at your staff
are away at a customer meeting. Staffing? Twosituation. It may be time to hire the right people. If you
engineers can't be hired because you haven't signeddon't have the revenues to support the staff additions,
off and are out of town at a meeting with investmentconsider what is restraining your growth.
bankers. Sales? Negotiations on an important deal areReview your relationship with your assistant or
held up because you are in Asia meeting with asecretary. Have you let them take on there fair share
vendor.of the workload? Are you giving them sufficiently
You become the choke point on each of these vitalsophisticated work to do? Are they ready to
functions. And you feel - of course - "I have to beupgrade?
involved." No you don't. To the exact degree you haveSome situations call for you to dive back in. Perhaps
not developed your staff to assume these functions,you are the only one in your company with some
the growth of your company will be retarded.particular technical knowledge, or your insight will
Aside from fear the job won't be done as well, there isaccelerate the design process, or you have the
another, more insidious reason senior executiveslong-standing relationship with a vendor or customer.
(particularly entrepreneurs) do not delegate. If youGo ahead, dive. Do your thing - briefly, complete the
aren't doing the "important" stuff, you becomeproject and resume your leadership position.
redundant. Dead weight. Overhead. If you have aOh, one more thing.
great VP of Sales, or a Chief Technologist, what willThe only point to delegating something is if it frees you
you do?for things which create greater value for your
You feel this way because you haven't completedcompany. Don't give away the hiring function if you are
transitions one and two: you haven't taken the troublespending your time fiddling with the corporate web site.
of understanding how you personally create value inDon't hire a Sales VP, if you are spending your time on
your company, and you haven't fully assumed the rolepurchasing. The greatest leverage you have is in
of leader. Once you make these transitions, you won'tleading your company. Lavish your time on that.
have time for the rest. Delegation, not abdication.